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Purwanto, Bambang
- Detection of the Calcium and ATP Role in Apoptosis of Retinoblastoma Culture Cells through Caspase-3 Expression
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Authors
Hendrian D. Soebagjo
1,
Susy Fatmariyanti
1,
Paulus Sugianto
2,
Bambang Purwanto
3,
Ugroseno Y. Bintoro
4,
Endang R. Kusumowidagdo
5
Affiliations
1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
2 Department of Neurology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
3 Department of Phisiology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
4 Department of Hematology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
5 Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
1 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
2 Department of Neurology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
3 Department of Phisiology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
4 Department of Hematology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
5 Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, ID
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 3 (2019), Pagination: 1307-1314Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a malignant retinal tumor associated with apoptotic deregulation. Retinoblastoma cells are sensitive to NK cells. These cells can stimulate apoptosis. Apoptosis in retinoblastoma occurs in the early phase and is paradoxical. The increasing amounts of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 as apoptotic executors are inversely proportional to apoptosis. Calcium and ATP as second messengers and signaling molecules play role in mediating cell responses including retinoblastoma cell development and death. Apoptosis requires sufficient energy from ATP and its mediated by Calcium. This study aimed to perceive the effects of Calcium and ATP in the process of retinoblastoma cell death through Caspase-3 pathway. The subjects were poorly differentiated retinoblastoma cell cultures treated with NK cells (treatment group) compared to those which were not exposed to NK cells (control group). Through the cell flowcytometry test that expresses Caspase-3 and apoptosis is calculated, meanwhile the levels of Calcium and ATP activity produced during the apoptosis process are quantitatively calculated. Examination of ATP activity uses a colorimetric method while the calcium content is calculated using a clinical chemistry system. Calcium and ATP were negatively correlated at 27.4% (p <0.05). ATP also showed a very significant negative correlation of 75.8% (p <0.01) against Caspase-3 and is significantly positively correlated with apoptosis of 46.8% (p,0.05). Whereas Caspase-3 is negatively correlated with apoptosis by 46.6% (p <0.05). In the Caspase-3 pathway, allogeneic NK cell administration in retinoblastoma cells increases the level of Calcium which plays a role in the early phase apoptosis process, whereas ATP which was formed is insufficient to cause maximal apoptosis due to extracellular calcium entry into NK cells. Extracellular ATP does not play a role in the induction of apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells treated with NK cells.Keywords
Allogeneic NK Cells, Caspase-3, Apoptosis, Calcium, ATP.References
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- Mechanism of Apoptosis Retinal Ganglion Cells Rattus Norvegicus Caused by Ethambutol
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Authors
Lukisiari Agustini
1,
Nurwasis
1,
Aryati
2,
Gatut Suhendro
1,
I Ketut Sudiana
3,
Widjiati
4,
Bambang Purwanto
5,
Winarto
6
Affiliations
1 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131,, ID
2 Department of Pathology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131,, ID
3 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131,, ID
4 Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115,, ID
5 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, ID
6 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275,, ID
1 Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131,, ID
2 Department of Pathology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131,, ID
3 Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131,, ID
4 Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115,, ID
5 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine-Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60131, ID
6 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang 50275,, ID
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 4 (2022), Pagination: 1795-1799Abstract
Background: The cause of cell death is thought to be due to the pathological apoptotic process in Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs), but how the exact mechanism of what is most influential is still not explained. Objective: This study aimed to explain the mechanism of RGCs apoptosis Rattus Norvegicus which is thought to underlie the occurrence of ethambutol toxic optic neuropathy. Methods: A total of 42 male, adult Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley strains were divided into 6 groups with 3 control groups and 3 treatment groups in a randomized design with time series test. The treatment groups were given ethambutol 15 mg/kg/day for each group within 5, 10 and 15 days orally using a gauge.Expressions of SOD2, MDA, PKC δ, p53, Cyt c, Caspase 3 and apoptosis were examined by immunohistochemical methods. Results: Ethambutol affected significant decreased expression of SOD2 with p=0.002 in 5 days, p=0.013 in 10 days and p=0.018 in 15 days; significant increased MDA in 5 days with p=0.05, 10 days with p=0.017, 15 days with p=0.002; significant increased p53 in 5 days with p=0.012, 10 days with p=0.002, 15 days with p=0.001; significant increased Cyt c in 5 days with p=0.004, 10 days with p=0.001, 15 days with p=0.001; significant increased Caspase 3 in 5 days with p=0.001, 10 days with p=0.003, 15 days with p=0.001 and apoptosis in 5 days with p=0.001, 10 days with p=0.001, 15 days with p=0.001. Conclusion: The mechanism of apoptosis of RGCs caused by ethambutol was showed via decreased expression SOD2, increased expression of MDA, p 53, Cyt c, Caspase 3 andapoptosis. These biomarkers are essential to detect apoptosis as one of mechanism in cell death.Keywords
Apoptosis, ethambutol, toxic, Rattus, mechanism, SOD2.References
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